Given at the end is an article. Analyze it and output in the following JSON format.
{
"analysis": {
"bias": {
"score": "1-10, where 1-10 measures UNFAIR or UNHELPFUL bias.
As the AI analyst, you must judge:
1. Fairness of Bias:
- Is the tone/alarm proportional to events?
- Is criticism warranted by facts?
- Are similar actions judged equally?
2. Utility of Bias:
- Does the bias help readers understand real implications?
- Does it highlight genuine concerns that neutral language might minimize?
- Does it provide valuable context through its perspective?
Example: An article about climate change might use emotional language
and scary scenarios. While this is technically 'bias', it might be
USEFUL bias if it helps readers grasp real dangers that cold, neutral
language would understate.
A high bias score should only be given when bias is both unfair AND unhelpful.",
"description": "Explain both unfair and useful bias found. For each biased element:
1. Is it fair/warranted?
2. Does it serve a valuable purpose for readers?
3. Should it be removed or retained?"
},
"missing_context_misinformation": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"", # DIRECTLY provide essential context the reader needs without ANY phrases like "the article lacks/doesn't/fails to mention/omits" etc. Simply state the relevant facts. Each point up to 5 sentences as needed. Up to 10 points. NEVER refer to the article itself or what it's missing - just supply the information directly. The missing context should try to compensate for the bias in the article, and not just add related information.
]
},
"disinformation_lies": {
"score": "1-10",
"points": [
"" # Provide corrections for verifiably false statement. These lines should be brief. Upto 10 points.
# Use Wikipedia (via the search tool) to verify events and dates up through 2025-07-03. Any event dated ≤ 2025-07-03 should not be marked as disinformation if it matches Wikipedia. Only flag statements you can not verify or that Wikipedia contradicts as of 2025-07-03.”
]
}
},
"summary": [], # A list of 2 to 5 paragraphs. Provide a version that: * Retains key facts and proportional concerns, * Removes unfair bias while keeping warranted criticism, * Adds critical missing context, * Corrects any inaccuracies. Remove author attribution. Maintain article's POV - no meta-references. You can decide the most appropriate length based on the article.summary can be longer than the article if needed.
"title": "Provide an Appropriate Title Based on the Article's Content.",
"changes_made": [
"List significant changes made in the summary",
"Include both removals and additions",
"Note bias adjustments"
],
"key_words": [
"3-10 relevant terms to help identify related articles",
"Focus on major themes and topics"
],
"keywords_update": {
"keyword-to-add-or-update": "new summary or updated to replace the previous"
}
}
KEYWORDS UPDATE INSTRUCTIONS:
- We want to save new information from beyond your knowledge cutoff of Mar 2024.
- Information can come from the provided article or Wikipedia.
- Pick up to 3 keywords of highest importance to update with new information.
- If a keyword lacks a summary, write one from scratch.
- For each keyword, list one line per new fact (up to 50 sentences per keyword).
- Each fact must:
1. Be one or two sentences long.
2. End with 1-3 references in brackets, e.g. [apnews], [nytimes,wikipedia].
3. Immediately after the reference(s), append a hyphen and the date of the event or when the fact was reported, in ISO format:
`Statement. [source] - [YYYY-MM-DD]`
- If you update an existing keyword's source (e.g. [foxnews] → [apnews]), ensure the replacement is supported by an article.
- Ensure each keyword is specific enough that its new facts warrant inclusion.
<example>
ARTICLE TOPIC
Raiding of 100+ immigrants allegedly illegal alients and alleged members from the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua, MS-13, and the Hells Angels for deportation. Authorities also found drugs at the underground nightclub at a strip mall in Colorado Springs. President Donald Trump praised the raid, saying on TruthSocial it had targeted some of the worst people in the US, whom he alleged judges are reluctant to deport.
keywords worth updating:
tren-de-aragua (I am sure this gang has a big list of information, but this deportation will be worth a mention)
tren-de-aragua+deportation (a more specific keyword that can take more detail about this incident)
trump+illegal_deportation (add this to the list of illegal deportations conducted by trump administration)
colorado_springs (this is a unique event for this town. an update here will add some trivia.)
trump+immigration (a key fact worth mentioning about how trump is implementation his immigration policies)
keywords to not update:
trump (too broad. not one of top 50 facts related to trump.)
illegal_deportation (depending upon existing content, may be too crowded for this incident to be added)
colorado (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
drug_raids (too broad, unlikely to fit this event in top 50)
</example>
<existing_keywords_summaries>
state-secrets-privilege : The Trump administration invoked the state secrets privilege in March 2025 to avoid providing a federal judge with information about deportation flights that allegedly violated court orders. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. Attorney General Pam Bondi and other Justice Department officials argued that disclosing operational details about deportation flights would harm national security and foreign relations. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that revealing details about removal operations, which he characterized as counterterrorism operations, would make foreign partners less likely to cooperate with the United States. [CNN] - 2025-03-17.
trump+separation-of-powers : The Trump administration's invocation of state secrets privilege in March 2025 created a constitutional confrontation with federal courts over deportation operations. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. Justice Department officials argued that further judicial intrusions would present 'dangerous and wholly unwarranted separation-of-powers harms' regarding diplomatic and national security concerns. [CNN] - 2025-03-17. The dispute arose when the administration allegedly violated federal court orders to halt deportation flights under the Alien Enemies Act. [CNN] - 2025-03-17.
white-house-power-dynamics : Stephen Miller is considered second only to Chief of Staff Susie Wiles in Trump's inner circle, fueling speculation about whether he could succeed her if she steps down. [CNN] - 2025-01-27. The Trump-Musk feud has created complications for Miller's position since his wife Katie works for Musk, though some officials maintain Trump's trust in Stephen remains unaffected. [CNN] - 2025-01-27. Musk unfollowed Stephen Miller on X during the height of the Trump-Musk conflict, though both Millers continued following Musk on the platform. [CNN] - 2025-01-27.
putin+trump+ukraine-call : Putin told Trump in a Wednesday phone call that Moscow would have to respond to Ukraine's recent strikes on Russian strategic bombers. [cnn] - 2025-01-08. Trump's account of the call gave no indication he urged Putin to show restraint in his response. [cnn] - 2025-01-08. Ukrainian officials expressed dismay that Trump didn't tell Putin to stop when the Russian leader mentioned delivering new strikes against Ukraine. [cnn] - 2025-01-08.
independent-agency-firings : More than a dozen leaders of independent federal agencies received termination emails from the Trump White House in early 2025, despite laws protecting them from summary dismissal. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Many officials challenged their dismissals as illegal and filed lawsuits to remain in their positions, but most ultimately left through various means. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Some dismissed officials were reportedly locked out of their former agency offices as part of the administration's removal strategy. [politico] - 2025-06-30.
trump+false-claims : Trump falsely claimed that Zohran Mamdani, the Democratic NYC mayoral candidate, was an illegal immigrant despite Mamdani being a naturalized U.S. citizen since 2018. [article] - 2025-07-02. Trump used his characteristic phrasing 'A lot of people are saying he's here illegally' to lend credibility to the baseless allegation. [article] - 2025-07-02. The false citizenship claims follow Trump's documented pattern of making unsubstantiated allegations about political opponents' legal status. [article] - 2025-07-02.
federal-judiciary+trump : Federal courts issued orders requiring the Trump administration to facilitate the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia from El Salvador after his wrongful deportation in March 2025. [CNN] - 2025-06-06
trump+iran-nuclear-intelligence : Trump dismissed Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard's assessment that Iran was not building nuclear weapons, stating 'I don't care what she said' and claiming Iran was 'very close' to a bomb. [article] - 2025-01-15. The disagreement occurred during Trump's return from a G7 summit and represents a direct contradiction of his intelligence chief's sworn congressional testimony. [article] - 2025-01-15. Trump's position aligns with Iran hawks including Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth who cite recent IAEA findings that Iran violated the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. [article] - 2025-01-15.
trump+independent-agencies : President Trump dismissed numerous Democratic appointees from independent federal agencies through termination emails shortly after his January 2025 inauguration, despite statutory protections requiring cause for removal. [politico] - 2025-06-30. More than a dozen agency leaders received termination or demotion notices from the White House, with many challenging these actions as legally invalid through lawsuits. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Most targeted officials ultimately left their positions despite legal challenges, with some reportedly being denied access to their offices. [politico] - 2025-06-30.
presidential-removal-power : The Supreme Court has signaled it will continue expanding presidential power to fire board members who run regulatory agencies, building on recent precedents. [politico] - 2025-06-30. Trump's administration has pursued dismissals of independent agency officials despite statutory protections, with most targeted officials ultimately leaving their positions. [politico] - 2025-06-30.
ratcliffe-cia-memo :
trump-russia-investigation-revisionism :
intelligence-community-assessment-2017 :
steele-dossier-controversy :
trump-intelligence-agencies :
ratcliffe-cia-memo :
trump-russia-investigation-revisionism :
intelligence-community-assessment-2017 :
steele-dossier-controversy :
trump-intelligence-agencies :
</existing_keywords_summaries>
<wikipedia_requested_titles>
TITLE Mueller Report
The Mueller Report is an official document. It provides information about Russia modifying the results of the 2016 United States presidential election. Robert Mueller released this official document to argue that Donald Trump had made use of help from Russia to become president.
The first half of the report shows that the Trump campaign had many ties to the Russians and that there was interference in America's elections. The second half shows how the President tried to stop the Russia investigation using the powers of the President.
Because the Department of Justice works for the President, Robert Mueller suggests that Congress should investigate.
“In this context, a balancing test applies to the separation of powers issues. Applying the test here, we concluded that congress can validly make obstruction of justice statutes applicable to corruptly motivated official acts of the president without undermining his Article II functions”
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Mueller Report, redacted version publicly released April 18, 2019:
Justice.gov downloadable, searchable PDF
Archive.org; DPLA Archived 2020-02-04 at the Wayback Machine; New York Times; Scribd
Audio from Audible (free registration needed)
Letter from Attorney General William Barr to leaders of the House and Senate Judiciary Committees of the principal conclusions of the Mueller investigation (March 24, 2019)
Official Website of the United States Department of Justice: Office of Special Counsel Archived 2018-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
Litigation Documents Related to the Mueller Investigation via Lawfare
Index to the Mueller report: browse hundreds of Names and Topics, from Clinton emails to Putin to GRU to IRA to Trump Moscow Tower. Archived 2019-05-22 at the Wayback Machine prepared by WhoSaidSo.org
TITLE Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
The attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election was a political scheme made by then President Donald Trump, who lost the 2020 U.S. presidential election to his Democratic opponent Joe Biden, the former U.S. vice president.
Trump did not accept his defeat and claimed the election was rigged and had voter fraud. This was an effort to overturn the election, with support and assistance from his campaign, proxies, political allies, and many of his supporters.
Many unsuccessful lawsuits were filed to change the election results in Pennsylvania, Georgia, Nevada, Arizona, Wisconsin and Michigan. Efforts to change the election results caused the 2021 United States Capitol Riot, which was described as an attempted coup d'état.
== False claims ==
Trump and his allies called the election a "big lie" based on false claims and conspiracy theories claiming that the election was stolen by rigged voting machines, electoral fraud and an international communist conspiracy. Trump, The Proud Boys and QAnon spread fake information on social media saying the election was rigged and stolen.
These allegations were not proven and were tossed out by many state and federal judges, election officials, governors, and government agencies. On December 1, 2020, U.S. Attorney General William Barr said U.S. attorneys and FBI agents had investigated complaints and allegations of fraud, but found none of significance. Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe said no evidence had been found of other countries trying to hack the election. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Director Chris Krebs called the election "the most secure in American history", which caused Trump to fire him. Trump attorney Joseph diGenova wanted Krebs to be executed.
=== Response ===
Many elected Republicans, including members of Congress and governors, did not want to say that Biden won the election fairly. Many of Trump's supporters would protest the election results by chanting "Stop the Steal". Emily Murphy, the administrator of the General Services Administration, delayed the start of the presidential transition until sixteen days after most media outlets had called Biden the winner. Former Trump National Security Advisor Michael Flynn wanted Trump to suspend the United States Constitution, force martial law, silence the press, and hold a new election under military supervision.
== Attempts ==
A small group of Trump supporters, including Trump's chief of staff, Mark Meadows and several Republican lawmakers from the House Freedom Caucus, tried to keep Trump in power. They wanted state legislatures to force a Trump win and change the electoral vote certification at the Capitol for favor Trump. Trump and his allies wanted state officials to throw out legally cast ballots, challenge vote-certification processes, and overturn election results. In an early January 2021 phone call, he wanted the Georgia secretary of state to "find" the 11,780 votes needed to win his victory in the state. He also wanted Georgia Governor Brian Kemp to create a special session of the legislature to overturn Biden's victory in the state. He wanted the Pennsylvania state government to do the same. Trump asked 300 Republican state legislators to look for ways to reverse the election results in their states.
== Lawsuits ==
Trump wanted Justice Department leaders to challenge the election results and publicly state the election was corrupt. His legal team wanted a path to bring a case before the United States Supreme Court, but none of the 63 lawsuits they filed were successful. Many of these lawyers hoped that the Texas v. Pennsylvania would work, but on December 11, 2020, the Supreme Court said they would not hear that case.
== Possible military action ==
After the failure of Texas, Trump thought about a military intervention, taking voting machines and another appeal to the Supreme Court, as well as challenging the congressional counting of the electoral votes on January 6, 2021.
== Electoral college certification ==
By December 30, 2020, many Republican members of the House and Senate said they would try to force both chambers to debate whether to certify the Electoral College results. Mike Pence, who as vice president would be in charge over the proceedings. He supported this by saying on January 4, "I promise you, come this Wednesday, we will have our day in Congress." Trump and some supporters promoted a false "Pence card" theory that, even if Congress were to certify the results, the vice president would have the power to reject them.
On the day of the electoral certification, supporters of Trump, attacked the United States Capitol to try to overturn the election, with some calling it an attempted coup d'état. One week later, Trump was impeached a second time for incitement of insurrection but was acquitted by the Senate. Depending on the findings of the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack, which is expected to release its report in 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice may decide to investigate whether Trump committed a crime.
== Aftermath ==
After the vote certification, some Republicans changed their opinion to say Biden won the election. However, some continued to support Trump's claims. As of April 2022, Trump has publicly continued to insist that the election was stolen. Although Trump has said he lost the election to a group of historians in mid-2021, saying, "We had a deal all set [until the election was lost and] the deal went away." Trump supporters continue attempts to overturn the results, pushing for state legislature resolutions and new lawsuits.
== References ==
TITLE Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign
The 2020 presidential campaign of Donald Trump was an unsuccessful reelection campaign by then President Donald Trump, who was the president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.
Trump was defeated in the election by Democratic nominee Joe Biden. His presidency ended on January 20, 2021, when Biden was sworn in as the 46th president.
== Background ==
Trump started spending money on the 2020 race on November 24, 2016 (only sixteen days after the end of the 2016 election). On January 10, 2017, Politico reported that Trump would be keeping his campaign offices in Trump Tower open in order to lay the groundwork for a re-election campaign. On January 18, Trump revealed in an interview with The Washington Post that he had decided on Keep America Great as his 2020 campaign slogan.
Trump launched his reelection campaign significantly earlier in his presidency than his predecessors did. Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush and Ronald Reagan all declared their candidacies for reelection in the third year of their presidencies.
Had Trump been reelected, it would have been the first time in American history that there have been four consecutive presidents who were elected to two terms.
== Rallies ==
The first rally paid for by the campaign was held on February 18, 2017, in Melbourne, Florida, and was attended by an estimated 9,000 supporters.
The campaign's second rally was held a month later in Nashville, Tennessee on March 15, and it was the 250th birthday of Andrew Jackson. Before the rally, Trump paid tribute to Jackson and laid a wreath at his tomb. A third rally was held by the campaign in Louisville on March 20, days after Trump fired FBI Director James Comey.
Trump held his fourth campaign rally with Vice President Mike Pence on April 29 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on the 100th day of Trump's presidency.
In June, Trump began campaigning in Iowa. Iowa is considered to be a perennial swing state. Trump held his sixth campaign rally on July 25 at the Covelli Centre in Youngstown, Ohio.
Trump held his seventh campaign rally at the Big Sandy Superstore Arena in Huntington, West Virginia on August 3.
Trump held his eighth campaign rally on August 22 at the Phoenix Convention Center in Phoenix, Arizona.
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Donald Trump held a rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The rally was notable for a surprisingly low turnout. However, the rally managed to reach 6.7 million views online. Fox News stated that the rally was its highest Saturday primetime viewership in the network's history
== Election Day ==
On November 4, Trump claimed to have won the election. However, no clear winner was determined, because final results from states such as Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Michigan and Georgia were still unknown. Trump was leading in the vote count of those states at the time, however there were many still-uncounted votes, mainly from mail-in ballots which were not yet counted.
Trump attempted to use the courts to stop the vote-counting. His campaign filed lawsuits in Pennsylvania, Georgia, and Michigan. However, these lawsuits were all rejected.
On November 7, news organizations ABC News, Associated Press, CBS News, CNN, Fox News, NBC News, Reuters, and the New York Times said that Trump had lost the election to Biden.
Trump refused to concede upon hearing the news. The administrator of the GSA, Emily W. Murphy, did not cooperate with president-elect Biden until November 23. Many Republicans in the Senate claimed that the election was still unsettled, and Attorney General William Barr allowed the Justice Department to investigate alleged "massive voter fraud."
In an interview with the Associated Press published December 1, Attorney General William Barr acknowledged: "To date, we have not seen fraud on a scale that could have affected a different outcome in the election." By January, Trump had lost 60 lawsuits.
On January 2, 2021, during an hour-long conference call, Trump pressured Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger to change the state's vote totals by the 11,780 votes he needed to win the state. During the call, Trump falsely suggested that Raffensperger could have committed a criminal offense. On January 11, the phone call was cited in a new article of impeachment introduced in the House of Representatives.
Self-declared "alternate electors" voted in protest; these votes had no legal validity. Well over a hundred Republican representatives promised to contest the counting ceremony at the U.S. Capitol on January 6. Experts debated whether Trump was trying to perform a self-coup.
On January 6, 2021, Trump spoke at a "March to Save America" rally on the Ellipse. There, he encouraged the crowd to "fight like hell" and said he'd be marching with them to the United States Capitol, although he did not join them. The crowd arrived at the Capitol building and broke in. At the same time, the electoral colleges votes were being counted, and those in the House and Senate had to be evacuated. Five people died from the events, while dozens more were injured, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation opened over 170 investigations into the events.
== Polling ==
Throughout the campaign, many polls almost always showed Democratic nominee Joe Biden ahead of Trump. Trump's campaign rejected these polls, claiming how they incorrectly predicted a Hillary Clinton victory in the 2016 presidential election. Many people had also come to distrust polls; a study from the Pew Research Center showing that even when Biden led Trump by a wide margin, many people still believed that Trump would win the election.
Trump's polling worsened throughout June and July, mainly in battleground states and states that mainly vote Republican. A mid-July Washington Post/ABC News poll showed Biden's double-digit lead holding.
In August, Trump's polling slightly improved. One national poll conducted then showing Biden leading by just three percent nationally. Trump also began to improve in state polls; one CNN poll at the time showed Biden up by just one percentage point in 15 battleground states. Towards the end of the month however, Biden's lead started to grow again.
After the 2020 Republican National Convention, Trump's polling improved. By the end of August, Trump had a lead against Biden in key states such as Ohio where he led 50% to 45%, and was polling neck-and-neck with his opponent in other important states such as Florida.
Trump's national polling numbers fell heavily again following his performance at the first presidential debate and his COVID-19 diagnosis at the end of September and beginning of October, as Biden's lead went over 10 points. A Washington Post/ABC News poll taken around this period showed Biden's lead to be 53% to 43%.
Trump overestimated his polls on Election Day but lost re-election. Although polling accurately predicted the winner of 48 out of 50 states and the District of Columbia, Biden’s margin of victory in many states was much smaller than expected.
== Notes ==
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Media related to Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2020 at Wikimedia Commons
TITLE John Ratcliffe
John Lee Ratcliffe (born October 20, 1965) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 9th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency since 2025. He was the 6th Director of National Intelligence from 2020 to 2021. He was the congressman for Texas's 4th district from 2015 to 2020. He was one of the most conservative congressmen during his congressional career. Before, he was the Mayor of Heath, Texas from 2004 to 2012.
President Donald Trump announced on July 28, 2019, that he intended to nominate Ratcliffe to replace Dan Coats as Director of National Intelligence (DNI). Ratcliffe withdrew his name five days after some senators raised concerns about his experience. In February 2020, President Trump announced that he was nominating Ratcliffe to be Director of National Intelligence. Ratcliffe was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 21, 2020 by a vote of 49 to 44.
In November 2024, President-elect Trump announced that he would nominate Ratcliffe to be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in January 2025.
== Early life ==
Ratcliffe was born in Mount Prospect, Illinois, northwest of Chicago. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1987.
== Legal career ==
In 2004, president George W. Bush hired Ratcliffe to be the Chief of Anti-Terrorism and National Security for the Eastern District of Texas, working for the U.S. Department of Justice. In May 2007, Ratcliffe was named interim U.S. Attorney for the district.
While running for congress, Ratcliffe was known for lying about his legal career such as about being a lawyer in the U.S. v. Holy Land Foundation terrorism financing case. He also lied about arresting 300 illegal immigrants in a single day while serving as prosecutor. The lie was discovered by The Washington Post and Ratcliffe even mentioned it in his congressional website's biography.
Ratcliffe was elected to four two-year terms as mayor of Heath, Texas, serving from June 2004 to May 2012.
In 2009, Ratcliffe became a partner with former Attorney General John Ashcroft in the law firm Ashcroft, Sutton, Ratcliffe.
== U.S. House of Representatives ==
In late 2013, Ratcliffe announced that he would run in the Republican primary against 17-term incumbent Congressman Ralph Hall of the 4th district. At 91, Hall was the oldest member of Congress and the oldest person ever to serve in the House of Representatives. In the March 4 primary, Ratcliffe finished second with 29 percent of the vote, behind Hall's 45 percent, leaving to a runoff election. Ratcliffe beat Hall with 53 percent of the vote, the first time in twenty years that a sitting Republican congressman in Texas had lost in a primary. In the November 2014 general election, Ratcliffe ran without a Democratic challenger. He was re-elected in 2016 and 2018.
In a September 2016 hearing of the House Judiciary Committee, Ratcliffe questioned then-FBI Director James Comey about whether the FBI's decision not to recommend criminal charges against Hillary Clinton in connection with the email controversy.
Ratcliffe was a member of the Republican Study Committee.
On January 20, 2020, before the Senate impeachment trial, the Trump administration named Ratcliffe as one of the congressional members of his first impeachment team.
== Director of National Intelligence ==
President Donald Trump announced on July 28, 2019, that he planned to nominate Ratcliffe to replace Dan Coats as Director of National Intelligence. Ratcliffe had little experience in national security or national intelligence. Trump's plans to nominate Ratcliffe became controversial when he was found to have lied about his role in prosecuting terrorism and immigration cases.
On August 2, 2019, Trump said in a tweet that he was withdrawing Ratcliffe's name from nomination.
On February 28, 2020, President Donald Trump publicly announced Ratcliffe to be his nominee for Director of National Intelligence again. Ratcliffe was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 21, 2020, by a vote of 49 to 44. He was sworn in on May 26.
Thirty-five days before the 2020 presidential election in November, Ratcliffe declassified 2016 Russian disinformation that said that Hillary Clinton had personally approved a plan to link Trump with Vladimir Putin and Russian hacking of the Democratic National Committee. The intelligence community were against the release of the information. Ratcliffe also said that Iran was trying to rig the elections against Trump.
In November 2020, Trump offered the job of U.S. Attorney General to Ratcliffe, however he refused to accept.
== Director of the CIA ==
In November 2024, Ratcliffe was nominated by President-elect Trump to be the next Director of the CIA. Ratcliffe appeared before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on January 15, 2025. The Senate Intelligence Committee approved his nomination and the Senate confirmed him on January 23, 2025 by a vote of 74 to 25. He assumed office later that day.
== Personal life ==
Ratcliffe is married to Michele Ratcliffe and they have two daughters. They live in Heath, Texas.
Ratcliffe is a Roman Catholic.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Director of National Intelligence biography
Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Vote Smart
Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
Appearances on C-SPAN
Money-in-Politics profile from OpenSecrets.org
TITLE Christopher A. Wray
Christopher Asher Wray (born December 17, 1966) is an American lawyer. He was the 8th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from August 2, 2017 until January 19, 2025. From 2003 to 2005, he served as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division under the George W. Bush administration. He was previously a litigation partner with the law firm King & Spalding.
In December 2024, Wray announced his resignation as FBI director. He left office on January 19, 2025.
== Early life ==
Wray was born in New York City. He was raised in Andover, Massachusetts. He studied at Yale University.
== Early career ==
In 2003, President George W. Bush nominated Wray as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Criminal Division of the Justice Department. Wray was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. Wray was Assistant Attorney General from 2003 to 2005, working under Deputy Attorney General James Comey. While heading the Criminal Division, Wray oversaw prominent fraud investigations, including Enron.
== Director of the FBI (2017–2025) ==
On June 7, 2017, President Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Wray to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. On July 20, 2017, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted unanimously to confirm Wray to be the next director of the FBI. Wray was officially confirmed by the Senate with bipartisan support on August 1, 2017; the vote was 92–5. He was sworn in by Attorney General Jeff Sessions in a private ceremony on August 2.
In the aftermath of the Douglas High School shooting in Parkland on February 14, 2018, it was found out that the FBI ignored a tip that shooter Nikolas Cruz had a desire to "kill people". Florida Governor Rick Scott called for Wray to resign, with the earliest tip received by the FBI dating back to September 2017 in which a YouTube user with the same name commented, "I'm going to be a professional school shooter."
In December 2020, it was announced that President-elect Joe Biden would keep Wray as FBI director under his administration.
In November 2024, NBC News reported that after Donald Trump was elected to another term, Wray was getting ready for the event Trump fires him. On November 30, 2024, Trump named Kash Patel as his nominee to replace Wray as FBI director.
On December 11, 2024, Wray announced that he would resign as Director of the FBI in January 2025, at the end of the Biden administration.
== Personal life ==
Wray married Helen Garrison Howell in 1989. They have two children. He is registered as a Republican.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Department of Justice biography page
Wray Appearances on C-SPAN
TITLE Jeff Sessions
Jefferson Beauregard "Jeff" Sessions III (born December 24, 1946) is an American politician and attorney. He was the 84th United States Attorney General serving from February 9, 2017 to November 7, 2018.
Before being Attorney General, he was the junior United States Senator from Alabama. He is a member of the Republican Party. At the time of his senate career, he ranked 15th in seniority in the United States Senate. He was the most senior junior Senator upon the retirement of Barbara Boxer in January 2017 to February 2017.
In November 2019, Sessions announced that he would run for his old Senate seat in 2020. He lost the Republican nomination to Tommy Tuberville.
== Early life ==
Sessions was born in Selma, Alabama on December 24, 1946. He was the son of Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, Jr., and the former Abbie Powe. He was raised in Camden, Alabama. Sessions earned B.A. Degree from Huntingdon College and a J.D. Degree from the University of Alabama.
== Early career ==
From 1981 to 1993, he was U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Alabama. Sessions was elected Attorney General of Alabama in 1994.
== United States senator (1997–2017) ==
Sessions was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996 and re-elected in 2002, 2008, and 2014. Sessions was considered one of the most conservative members of the U.S. Senate.
As a senator, he is known for being against illegal immigration and for reducing legal immigration. He supported the major legislative efforts of the George W. Bush administration, including the 2001 and 2003 tax cut packages, the Iraq War, and a proposed national amendment to ban same-sex marriage.
He opposed the establishment of the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the 2009 stimulus bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act. As the ranking Republican on the Senate Judiciary Committee, he opposed all three of President Barack Obama's nominees for the Supreme Court.
An early supporter of Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign, Sessions was considered as a possible Vice Presidential nominee, but Trump finally chose Indiana governor Mike Pence.
Sessions resigned from the senate to become the United States Attorney General on February 8, 2017.
== United States Attorney General (2017–2018) ==
On November 18, 2016, it was announced that President-elect Donald Trump planned to nominate Sessions for United States Attorney General.
On January 10, 2017, the Senate Judiciary Committee hearings on his nomination began. The committee approved his nomination February 1 on a straight party-line vote, 11 to 9. The senate narrowly confirmed his nomination on February 8, 2017. He was sworn-in by Vice President Mike Pence on February 9. On May 7, 2018 he announced a new morally questionable policy that separated children from their mothers at the border.
As U.S. Attorney General, Sessions overturned a memo delivered by Eric Holder to reduce mass incarceration by avoiding mandatory sentencing, and ordered federal prosecutors to begin seeking the maximum criminal charges possible. Sessions allowed law enforcement to seize the property of those suspected but not charged with crimes. A critic of illegal immigration, Sessions adopted a hard-line on so-called sanctuary cities and told reporters that cities that did not follow federal immigration policy would lose federal funding, but failed. As Attorney General, Sessions supported allowing the Department of Justice to prosecute providers of medical marijuana.
On November 7, 2018, President Trump fired Sessions as Attorney General in a tweet.
== 2020 United States Senate race ==
In October 2019, Sessions began exploring a potential candidacy for his old Senate seat in the 2020 election. He announced his Senate run on November 7, 2019.
Sessions lost the Alabama Senate Primary to Tommy Tuberville on July 14, 2020. A Washington Post headline read, "Sessions loses runoff in Alabama as Trump helps end career of key supporter he came to despise."
== Personal life ==
Sessions and his wife Mary have three children and six grandchildren. The family is United Methodist. He teaches at Sunday School to children in Mobile, Alabama.
== References ==
== Other websites ==
Senator Jeff Sessions Archived 2009-07-29 at the Wayback Machine official U.S. Senate site
Jeff Sessions for Senate Archived 2020-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
Jeff Sessions at the Open Directory Project
Appearances on C-SPAN
Collected news and commentary Archived 2010-06-20 at the Wayback Machine from Politico
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AP
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A declassified CIA memo released Wednesday challenges the work intelligence agencies did to conclude that Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election because it wanted Republican Donald Trump to win.
The memo was written on the orders of CIA Director John Ratcliffe, a Trump loyalist who spoke out against the Russia investigation as a member of Congress. It finds fault with a 2017 intelligence assessment that concluded the Russian government, at the direction of President Vladimir Putin, waged a covert influence campaign to help Trump win.
It does not address that multiple investigations since then, including a report from the Republican-led Senate Intelligence Committee in 2020, reached the same conclusion about Russia’s influence and motives.
The eight-page document is part of an ongoing effort by Trump and close allies who now lead key government agencies to revisit the history of the long-concluded Russia investigation, which resulted in criminal indictments and shadowed most of his first term but also produced unresolved grievances and contributed to the Republican president’s deep-rooted suspicions of the intelligence community.
The report is also the latest effort by Ratcliffe to challenge the decision-making and actions of intelligence agencies during the course of the Russia investigation.
A vocal Trump supporter in Congress who aggressively questioned former special counsel Robert Mueller during his 2019 testimony on Russian election interference, Ratcliffe later used his position as director of national intelligence to declassify Russian intelligence alleging damaging information about Democrats during the 2016 election even as he acknowledged that it might not be true.
The new, “lessons-learned” review ordered by Ratcliffe in May was meant to examine the tradecraft that went into the intelligence community’s 2017 assessment on Russian interference and to scrutinize in particular the conclusion that Putin “aspired” to help Trump win.
The report cited several “anomalies” that the authors wrote could have affected that conclusion, including a rushed timeline and a reliance on unconfirmed information, such as Democratic-funded opposition research about Trump’s ties to Russia compiled by a former British spy, Christopher Steele.
The report takes particular aim at the inclusion of a two-page summary of the Steele dossier, which included salacious and uncorroborated rumors about Trump’s ties to Russia, in an annex of the intelligence community assessment. It said that decision, championed by the FBI, “implicitly elevated unsubstantiated claims to the status of credible supporting evidence, compromising the analytical integrity of the judgment.”
But even as Ratcliffe faulted top intelligence officials for a “politically charged environment that triggered an atypical analytic process,” his agency’s report does not directly contradict any previous intelligence.
Rep. John Ratcliffe (R-TX) questions former Special Counsel Robert Mueller as he testifies before the House Judiciary Committee about his report on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election in the Rayburn House Office Building July 24, 2019 in Washington, DC.
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Russia’s support for Trump has been outlined in a number of intelligence reports and the August 2020 conclusions of the Senate Intelligence Committee, then chaired by Sen. Marco Rubio, who now serves as Trump’s secretary of state. It also was backed by Mueller, who in his 2019 report said that Russia interfered on Trump’s behalf and that the campaign welcomed the aid, even if there was insufficient evidence to establish a criminal conspiracy.
“This report doesn’t change any of the underlying evidence — in fact it doesn’t even address any of that evidence,” said Brian Taylor, a Russia expert who directs the Moynihan Institute of Global Affairs at Syracuse University.
Taylor suggested the report may have been intended to reinforce Trump’s claims that investigations into his ties to Russia are part of a Democratic hoax.
“Good intelligence analysts will tell you their job is to speak truth to power,” Taylor said. “If they tell the leader what he wants to hear, you often get flawed intelligence.”
Intelligence agencies regularly perform after-action reports to learn from past operations and investigations, but it’s uncommon for the evaluations to be declassified and released to the public.
Ratcliffe has said he wants to release material on a number of topics of public debate and has already declassified records relating to the assassinations of President John Kennedy and his brother, Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, as well as the origins of COVID-19.
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